Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in Pakistani children
Keywords:
SLE, neonatal LE, cutaneous manifestations.Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease of autoimmuneetiology. Cutaneous changes are seen in more than two -third of patients.Objectives The present study was planned to evaluate cutaneous manifes tations of SLE inchildren.Patients and methods Fifteen cases of SLE were collected from the Department of PediatricDermatology, Children Hospital, Lahore. The diagnosis was based on American RheumatismAssociation criteria. Cutaneous changes were recorded on a predevised pro forma.Results Age of onset was 5-13 years in 14 (93.3%) children. One case of neonatal LE wasseen. There were 8 (53.3%) females and 7 (46.7%) males. Malar rash was present in 10(66.6%), photosensitivity in 8 (53.3%), diffuse hair loss in 6 (40%), hyperpigmentation in 5(33.3%), vascular lesions in 5 (33.3%), mucosal lesions in 3 (20%), nail changes in 2(13.3%), bullous lesions in 1 (6.7%), livedo reticularis in 1 (6.7%), and rheumatoid nodulesin 1 (6.7%). The single case of NLE had generalized scaly lesions.Conclusion Cutaneous changes in children are different from those seen in adults. Femalepreponderance was not seen in children. Photosensitivity and vascular lesions were lessfrequent while the discoid rash was rare. Peripheral gangrene, chilblain and Raynaud’sphenomenon were not seen. Neonatal LE was a rare entity.References
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