Profile of SCORAD, TEWL, and Skin pH values in mild-moderate adult atopic dermatitis patients in Surabaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66344/jpad.v36i1.3249Keywords:
Atopic Dermatitis, Human and disease, SCORAD, TEWL, Skin pHAbstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with skin barrier dysfunction, often persisting into adulthood and impairing quality of life. One of the main pathophysiological characteristics of AD is skin barrier dysfunction, commonly indicated by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and altered skin pH. The SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) index is commonly used to assess disease severity. Objective This study aims to describe the profile of SCORAD, TEWL, and skin pH in adult patients with mild to moderate AD at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2022. A total of 32 adult patients aged 18-64 years with clinically diagnosed mild to moderate AD were recruited using consecutive sampling. SCORAD assessments were conducted alongside TEWL and skin pH measurements using Tewameter MPA5 and pH meter devices, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the association of SCORAD, TEWL, and pH values with age and gender. Results The mean age of participants was 37.9±11.8 years, with a balanced sex distribution. Mean SCORAD was 22.2±6.1, TEWL was 20.8±10.2 g/m²/h, and skin pH was 5.3±0.5. Most patients (90.6%) had mild AD. No statistically significant correlations were found between age or gender and any of the three measured variables. Conclusion SCORAD, TEWL, and skin pH profiles in adults with mild to moderate AD showed no significant association with age or gender, indicating the heterogeneity of the condition across demographic factors.References
Simpson EL, Leung DYM, Eichenfield LF, Boguniewicz M. Atopic Dermatitis. In: Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 2019:363-84.
Rubel D, Thirumoorthy T, Soebaryo RW, Weng SCK, Gabriel TM, Villafuerte LL, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of atopic dermatitis: An Asia-Pacific perspective. J Dermatol. 2013;40:160-71.
Anggraeni S, Umborowati MA, Damayanti, Endaryanto A, Prakoeswa CRS. Correlation between Skin Prick Test and Specific IgE of Local Mites Allergen in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: an Indonesian Study. CMUJ Nat Sci. 2022;21:e2022053.
Ratnaningtyas WD, Hutomo M. Penelitian Retrospektif: Pengobatan Topikal pada Pasien Dermatitis Atopik (A Retrospective Study: Topical Therapy in Atopic Dermatitis Patient). Berk Ilmu kesehat Kulit kelamin. 2016;28:1-7.
Indraswari A, Anggraeni S, Astari L, Sawitri S, Hidayati AN, Hidayati AN, et al. Clinical profiles and management of atopic dermatitis in adult patients. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2022;6:8171-9.
Yang G, Seok JK, Kang HC, Cho YY, Lee HS, Lee JY. Skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:2867.
Chopra R, Vakharia PP, Sacotte R, Patel N, Immaneni S, White T, et al. Severity strata for Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), modified EASI, Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), objective SCORAD, Atopic Dermatitis Severity Index and body surface area in adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177:1316-21.
Hülpüsch C, Tremmel K, Hammel G, Bhattacharyya M, de Tomassi A, Nussbaumer T, et al. Skin pH-dependent Staphylococcus aureus abundance as predictor for increasing atopic dermatitis severity. Allergy. 2020;75:2888-98.
Kiiski V, Salava A, Susitaival P, Barnhill S, Remitz A, Heliovaara M. Atopic dermatitis in adults: a population-based study in Finland. Int J Dermatol. 2022;61:324-30.
Herwanto N, Hutomo M. Studi Retrospektif: Penatalaksanaan Dermatitis Atopik (Retrospective Study: Management of Atopic Dermatitis). Berk Ilmu kesehat. Kulit kelamin. 2016;28:45-54.
Chan LN, Magyari A, Ye M, Al-Alusi NA, Langan SM, Margolis D, et al. The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in older adults: A population-based study in the United Kingdom. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0258219
Kanda N, Hoashi T, Saeki H. The Roles of Sex Hormones in the Course of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:4660.
Lobefaro F, Gualdi G, Di Nuzzo S, Amerio P. Atopic Dermatitis: Clinical Aspects and Unmet Needs. Biomedicines. 2022;10:2927.
Montero-Vilchez T, Segura-Fernández-Nogueras MV, Pérez-Rodríguez I, Soler-Gongora M, Martinez-Lopez A, Fernández-González A, et al. Skin Barrier Function in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Transepidermal Water Loss and Temperature as Useful Tools to Assess Disease Severity. J Clin Med. 2021;10:359.
Danby SG, Draelos ZD, Gold LFS, Cha A, Vlahos B, Aikman L, et al. Vehicles for atopic dermatitis therapies: more than just a placebo. J Dermatol Treat. 2022;33:685-98.
Faye O, Meledie N'Djong AP, Diadie S, Coniquet S, Niamba PA, Atadokpede F, et al. Validation of the Patient-Oriented SCORing for Atopic Dermatitis tool for black skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34:795-9.
Han TY, Kong TS, Kim MH, Chae JD, Lee JH, Son SJ. Vitamin D Status and Its Association with the SCORAD Score and Serum LL-37 Level in Korean Adults and Children with Atopic Dermatitis. Ann Dermatol. 2015;27:10-4
Karim A, Setyaningrum T, Prakoeswa CRS. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 Supplementation on Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index in Adult With Mild-Moderate Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Trial. Berk Ilmu kesehat Kulit kelamin 2019;31:185-92.
Oranje AP. Practical issues on interpretation of scoring atopic dermatitis: SCORAD Index, objective SCORAD, patient-oriented SCORAD and Three-Item Severity score. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2011;41:149-55.
Alexander H, Brown S, Danby S, Flohr C. Research Techniques Made Simple: Transepidermal Water Loss Measurement as a Research Tool. J Invest Dermatol. 2018;138:2295-2300.e1.
Lee C, Jamil A. Skin pH and its relationship with transepidermal water loss and disease severity in children with atopic dermatitis: A cross-sectional study. J Dermatol Surg. 2020;24:84-7.
Makowska K, Nowaczyk J, Blicharz L, Waśkiel-Burnat A, Czuwara J, Olszewska M, et al. Immunopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis: Focus on Interleukins as Disease Drivers and Therapeutic Targets for Novel Treatments. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:781.
Prakoeswa CRS, Damayanti, Anggraeni S, Umborowati MA, Febriana SA, Oginawati K, et al. Profile of Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), Skin Hydration, and Skin Acidity (pH) in Indonesian Batik Workers. Dermatol Res Pract. 2022;2022:7014004.
Chernyshov PV. Gender differences in health-related and family quality of life in young children with atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol. 2012;51:290-4.
Ye L, Lai Q, Wang X, Wen S, Chen A, Lai Y, et al. Trend of changes in epidermal biophysical properties in the Chinese aged 1 month to 17-year old. Skin Res Technol. 2023;29:e13297.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Submission declaration
Authors retain the copyright to their work and grant the 'Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists (JPAD)' the right of first publication under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. This license allows others to share, adapt, and reuse the work for any purpose, including commercial use, as long as appropriate credit is given to the original authors and the journal.
By submitting a manuscript, authors confirm that the work has not been published previously (except as an abstract, lecture, or academic thesis), is not under review elsewhere, and has been approved by all authors and relevant authorities. Once accepted, the article will be openly accessible under the CC BY 4.0 license, ensuring wide dissemination and reuse with proper attribution.
