Pattern of cutaneous manifestations in newborns at a tertiary referral hospital in Pakistan
Keywords:
Newborn, Cutaneous manifestations, dermatosis, Epstein's pearls, Sebaceous hyperplasia, Milia, Toxic ErythemaAbstract
Background: Cutaneous Manifestations are very common in newborn babies. A number of studies have documented cutaneous findings in newborns worldwide. However, few such studies have been conducted in Pakistan. We conducted a study to determine the frequency and pattern of cutaneous manifestations among newborns and to evaluate their association with neonatal factors. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Paediatric department of a Tertiary referral hospital in Bahawalpur from Aug 2023 to February 2024 for a duration of six months. All the newborns up to 72 hours of age, admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit of the Hospital during the study period were examined by Consultant Dermatologist and Consultant Paediatrician for Cutaneous Manifestations. Data regarding gender of the newborn, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery and cutaneous manifestations were recorded. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: At least one cutaneous manifestation was found in 949 (92.5%) out of 1026 newborns. One, two, three and four cutaneous manifestations were observed in 187 (18.2%), 335 (32.7%), 278 (27.2%) and 149 (14.4%) newborn babies. Transient benign cutaneous lesions were the most common cutaneous manifestations. Developmental abnormalities of the skin and oral mucosa were found in 87 newborns. Iatrogenic and traumatic Injuries were seen in 170 (16.57%) newborns. Transient benign cutaneous lesions and developmental abnormalities of the skin and oral mucosa were significantly more common in newborns with normal birth weight. Conclusion: Most of the Cutaneous manifestations in newborns are benign and self-limiting. Physicians caring for babies should be trained to differentiate the physiologic skin lesions from the more serious skin conditions.References
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