Proportion of Atopic Dermatitis in the Dermatology Venereology and Aesthetics Polyclinic at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital 2017–2022
Abstract
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that commonly affects both children and adults. It is characterized by intense pruritus, xerosis, and eczematous lesions, significantly impairing quality of life. Globally, the prevalence of AD has increased over the past few decades, making it a significant public health concern, especially in developing countries. Objective: This study aimed to determine the occurrence and demographic characteristics of atopic dermatitis patients treated at the Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics Polyclinic, Prof. Dr. Chairuddin Panusunan Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, from 2017 to 2022. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using secondary data obtained from medical records of patients diagnosed with AD between 2017 and 2022. Data collected included age, sex, and annual case distribution. Results: A total of 136 patients were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis during the study period. The annual distribution showed: 10 patients in 2017, 7 in 2018, 21 in 2019, 59 in 2020, 2 in 2021, and 37 in 2022. Pediatric cases (<18 years) accounted for 112 individuals (82.3%), consisting of 64 males and 48 females. Adult cases (≥18 years) included 24 individuals, with 13 males and 11 females. Overall, male patients predominated with 77 cases (56.6%). The highest number of AD cases occurred in 2020, totaling 59 patients (43.4% of all cases). The overall proportion of AD among patients attending the Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics Polyclinic during this period was 1.27%. Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis remains a prevalent condition in pediatric populations, with a higher incidence in males. A peak in cases was observed in 2020, potentially influenced by environmental or behavioral factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to identify specific contributing factors and improve prevention strategies.References
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