Antibiotics used for erysipelas and cellulitis
Keywords:
Erysipelas, Cellulitis, AntibioticsAbstract
Erysipelas and cellulitis are common and often require hospitalization for observation of their progression. The main therapy is antibiotics. The objective of the study is to review antibiotics used for cellulitis and erysipelas. Bacteria which cause erysipelas and cellulitis are usually gram-positive bacteria, commonly beta hemolytic streptococcus bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes or hemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. The main therapy is antibiotics and symptomatic therapy. These are several classes of antibiotics used for erysipelas and cellulitis, such as beta lactamase derivate, macrolides and fluoroquinolones. However, current systemic reviews do not report any particular class of antibiotics as superior to others. Local guidelines based on localresistance patterns should be followed if available. Therapy for erysipelas and cellulitis are antibiotics and symptomatic therapy. Various classes of antibiotics can be used, but therapy should be adjusted based on the local resistance pattern of a particular center.References
Sapuła M, Krankowska D, Wiercińska-Drapało A. In Search of Risk Factors for Recurrent Erysipelas and Cellulitis of the Lower Limb: A Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized due to Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2020;2020:1307232.
Pearson D, Margolis D. Cellulitis and erysipelas. 9th ed. Kang S, editor. Vol. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. 2746–2756 p.
Zuraida R. Penatalaksanaan Erisipelas pada Pasien Dewasa Usia 42 Tahun Melalui Pendekatan Dokter Keluarga. Medula. 2020;10:557–62.
Meilia Novarina R. The Profile of Erysipelas and Cellulitis Patients. BIKKK - Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin- (Periodicals of Skin and Venereology Health Sciences). 2015;27(1):32-40
Ko LN, Garza-Mayers AC, St John J, Strazzula L, Vedak P, Shah R, et al. Effect of dermatology consultation on outcomes for patients with presumed cellulitis a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2018;154(5):529-36.
Griffiths CEM, Bleiker TO, Creamer D, Ingram JR, Simpson RC. Rook’s Dermatology Handbook edited by Griffiths Bleiker Creamer Ingram Simpson.
Rositawati A. Studi Retrospektif: Profil Pasien Erisipelas dan Selulitis (A Retrospective Study: Erysipelas and Cellulitis Patients’ Profile).
Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJC, Gorbach SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10-52.
Bläckberg A, Trell K, Rasmussen M. Erysipelas, a large retrospective study of aetiology and clinical presentation. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):1-6.
Bystritsky RJ. Cellulitis. Vol. 35, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. W.B. Saunders; 2021. p. 49-60.
Cranendonk DR, Lavrijsen APM, Prins JM, Wiersinga WJ. Cellulitis: Current insights into pathophysiology and clinical management. Netherlands J Med. 2017;75(9):366–78.
Brindle RJ, O’Neill LA, Williams OM. Risk, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cellulitis and Erysipelas. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2020;9(1):73-82.
Brishkoska-Boshkovski V, Dimitrovska I, Kondova-Topuzovska I. Clinical presentation and laboratory characteristics in acute and recurrent erysipelas. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(5):771-4.
Chlebicki MP, Oh CC. Recurrent cellulitis: risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2014;16(9):422.
Katsambas AD, Lotti TM, Dessinioti C, D’Erme AM. European handbook of dermatological treatments, third edition. European Handbook of Dermatological Treatments, Third Edition. 2015. 1–1579 p.
Etebu E, Ibemologi Arikekpar. Antibiotics: Classification and mechanisms of action with emphasis on molecular perspectives. Int J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol Res. 2016;4:90-101.
Brindle RJ, O’Neill LA, Williams OM. Risk, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Cellulitis and Erysipelas. Curr Dermatol Rep. 2020;9(1):73-82.
Phoenix G, Das S, Joshi M. Diagnosis and management of cellulitis. BMJ. 2012;345:e4955.
Sewon K, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, et al. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th editio. Sewon K, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, et al. editors. McGraw Hil Education; 2019.
Moran GJ, Abrahamian FM, Lovecchio F, Talan DA. Acute bacterial skin infections: developments since the 2005 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(6):e397-412.
Oh CC, Ko HC, Lee HY, Safdar N, Maki DG, Chlebicki MP. Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing recurrent cellulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2014;69(1):26-34.
Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Kulit dan Kelamin Indonesia (PERDOSKI). Panduan Praktik Klinis. Perdoski. 2021;204–7.
Maxwell-Scott H, Kandil H. Diagnosis and management of cellulitis and erysipelas. Br J Hosp Med. 2015;76(8):C114–7.
Brindle R, Williams OM, Barton E, Featherstone P. Assessment of Antibiotic Treatment of Cellulitis and Erysipelas: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(9):1033-40.
Oh CC. Cellulitis and erysipelas: prevention. BMJ Clin Evid. 2015;2015:1-8.