Clinical and histopathological analysis of porokeratosis in series of fifty three patients

Abstract

Background Porokeratosis is consisting of different group of diseases with autosomal dominant inheritance with a wide types of presentations. While solar facial porokeratosis is a well distinguished non- inherited disease that triggered by sunlight exposure and was only reported in Iraq Objective To evaluate all types of porokeratosis that had been seen during specific period of time and tries to analyze them into characteristic groups. Patients and methods This is  descriptive case series study where fifty three patients with porokeratosis were seen during the period from April 2014-October 2022. Full history and clinical examination were carried out for all patients and biopsies from lesions for histopathological evaluation was done. Results Fifty three  patients  with porokeratosis were evaluated into two groups: group one with 35 cases of different types of porokeratosis,with age range from 3-58 years with mean and SD of 30.1± 11.7 . The duration of the disease was ranged from 1-34 years while the  mean and SD of 6.2± 5.6 year,and the mean age of onset was 23.3±10.2years,24 (68.5%)males and 11(31.4%) females. There were wide range of presentation, common among males with M: F 6.5:1 and the clinical picture could be divided into localized and generalized manifestations and porokeratosis of Mibelli constituting the commonest type in 15(42.85%) cases                                                                                                 While the second group included 18 patients with solar facial porokeratosis , 10(55.5%) cases were females and 8 (44.4%)males, with age range from 19–30 years while the mean and SD were 27± 4.4 year . The disease duration ranged from 2–12 years with a mean and SD of 4.1± 2.9 year, with negative family history in all patients. It was disease of young people with slightly more among females with F: M 1.14:1.This variant was triggered by sunlight exposure and mainly manifested in summer time. The location of lesions were only on the face and commonly around  nose Conclusion                                                                                                                    The Porokeratosis is comprising of a heterogeneous  group of diseases that could be classified into autosomal dominant inheritance fashion and consisted of localized and generalized diseases. While solar facial porokeratosis is non-inherited acquired variant with well distinguished clinical features that induced by sunlight exposure that could be considered as specific variant of porokeratosis.