Enthesitis and dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis

Ritchlin CT, Colbert RA, Gladman DD. Psoriatic arthritis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 957–970.

Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, Marchesoni A, Mease P, Mielants H, et al. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54: 2665-73.

Brockbank JE, Stein M, Schentag CT, Gladman DD. Dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis: a marker for disease severity? Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 188-190.

Polachek A, Li S, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Clinical enthesitis in a prospective longitudinal psoriatic arthritis cohort: incidence, prevalence, characteristics, and outcome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69: 1685-91.

Salvarani C, Cantini F, Olivieri I, Macchioni P, Niccoli L, Padula A, et al. Isolated peripheral enthesitis and/or dactylitis: a subset of psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 1106-10.

Sakkas LI, Alexiou I, Simopoulou T, Vlychou M. Enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43: 325-34.

Rothschild BM, Pingitore C, Eaton M. Dactylitis: implications for clinical practice. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1998; 28: 41–47.

Siegel EL, Orbai AM, Ritchlin CT. Targeting extra-articular manifestations in PsA: a closer look at enthesitis and dactylitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2015; 27: 111-17.

Olivieri I, Padula A, Scarano E, Scarpa R. Dactylitis or “sausage-shaped†digit. J Rheumatol 2007; 34: 1217-22.

Marchesoni A, Atzeni F, Spadaro A, Lubrano E, Provenzano G, Cauli A, et al. Identification of the clinical features distinguishing psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2012; 39: 849-55.

Marzo-Ortega H, Tanner SF, Rhodes LA, Tan AL, Conaghan PG, Hensor EM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of metacarpophalangeal joint disease in early psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38: 79-83.

Olivieri I, Scarano E, Padula A, Giasi V, Priolo F. Dactylitis, a term for different digit diseases. Scand J Rheumatol 2006; 35: 333-40.

Frediani B, Falsetti P, Storri L, Allegri A, Bisogno S, Baldi F, et al. Ultrasound and clinical evaluation of quadricipital tendon enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2002; 21: 203-06.

Bakewell CJ, Olivieri I, Aydin SZ, Dejaco C, Ikeda K, Gutierrez M, et al. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of psoriatic dactylitis: status and perspectives. J Rheumatol 2013; 40: 1951-57.

D’Agostino MA, Terslev L. Imaging evaluation of the entheses: ultrasonography, MRI, and scoring of evaluation. Rheum Dis Clin N Am 2016; 42: 679-93.

Polachek A, Cook R, Chandran V, Gladman DD, Eder L. The association between sonographic enthesitis and radiographic damage in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19: 189.

Lee S, Mendelsohn A, Sarnes E. The burden of psoriatic arthritis: a literature review from a global health systems perspective. P T 2010; 35: 680-89.

Geijer M, Lindqvist U, Husmark T, Alenius GM, Larsson PT, Teleman A, et al. The Swedish Early Psoriatic Arthritis Registry 5-year followup: substantial radiographic progression mainly in men with high disease activity and development of dactylitis. J Rheumatol 2015; 42: 2110-17.

Haroon M, Gallagher P, FitzGerald O. Diagnostic delay of more than 6 months contributes to poor radiographic and functional outcome in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74: 1045-50.