Successful treatment of three cases of pediatric alopecia areata using a combination of corticosteroids, minoxidil, immunomodulator and light-emitting diode therapy
Keywords:
Alopecia areata, combination therapy, corticosteroid, minoxidil, immunomodulator, light-emitting diodeAbstract
We report three pediatric patients with alopecia areata and high seropositive immunoglobulin G of rubella, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. We treated the patients with a combination of topical and intralesional injections of corticosteroids, topical minoxidil 5%, inosine pranobex, valacyclovir, and light-emitting diode therapy with excellent results.References
Lintzeri DA, Constantinou A, Hillmann K, Ghoreschi K, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U. Alopecia areata - Current understanding and management. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2022;20(1):59-90.
Fukuyama M, Ito T, Ohyama M. Alopecia areata: Current understanding of the pathophysiology and update on therapeutic approaches, featuring the Japanese Dermatological Association guidelines. J Dermatol. 2022;49(1):19-36.
Trüeb RM, Dias MFRG. Alopecia Areata: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis and Management. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2018;54(1):68-87.
Ramos PM, Anzai A, Duque-Estrada B, et al. Consensus on the treatment of alopecia areata - Brazilian Society of Dermatology. An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):39-52.
Barton VR, Toussi A, Awasthi S, Kiuru M. Treatment of pediatric alopecia areata: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;86(6):1318-34.
Afford R, Leung AKC, Lam JM. Pediatric Alopecia Areata. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2021;17(1):45-54.
Waśkiel-Burnat A, Kołodziejak M, Sikora M, et al. Therapeutic management in paediatric alopecia areata: A systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(6):1299-1308.
Peloquin L, Castelo-Soccio L. Alopecia Areata: An update on treatment options for children. Paediatr Drugs. 2017;19(5):411-422.
Kaur H, Kumar S, Kaur G, Kaur M, Rathore MS. Alopecia-factors contributing, diagnosis and treatment. IJPCBS. 2013;3(4):1191-9.
Georgala S, Katoulis AC, Befon A, Georgala K, Stavropoulos PG. Inosiplex for treatment of alopecia areata: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006;86(5):422-4.
Suchonwanit P, Kositkuljorn C, Pomsoong C. Alopecia areata: An autoimmune disease of multiple players. Immunotargets Ther. 2021;10:299-312.
Majewska A, Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B. 40 years after the registration of acyclovir: Do we need new anti-herpetic drugs? Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(7):3431.
Beigel JH. Antiviral therapy (non-HIV). In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, editors. Goldman’s cecil medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 2082-2089.
Lai VWY, Chen G, Gin D, Sinclair R. Systemic treatments for alopecia areata: A systematic review. Australas J Dermatol. 2019;60(1):e1-e13.
Mlacker S, Aldahan AS, Simmons BJ, Shah V, McNamara CA, Samarkandy S, Nouri K. A review on laser and light-based therapies for alopecia areata. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2017;19(2):93-9.
Torres AE, Lim HW. Photobiomodulation for the management of hair loss. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2021;37(2):91-8.
