The effectiveness of 1% cysteamine, 3% tranexamic acid, 2% galactomyces ferment filtrate and 4% niacinamide application using double layering technique as a brightening agent: Chromameter and Janus-III analysis
Keywords:
Cysteamine, Double layering, Skin brightness, Topical skin lightening agentAbstract
Introduction The combination of several topical agents with different vehicles or routes of administration is one of the therapeutic strategies that can be used to increase the effectiveness and possibly to reduce unwanted side-effects. Objective To assess the efficacy of 1% cysteamine, 3% tranexamic acid, 2% galactomyces ferment filtrate, and 4% niacinamide as a facial brightening agent using the double layering technique of serum and cream. Methods An open-label pre-post-test clinical trial was conducted for eight weeks using on 70 type-IV Fitzpatrick skin female participants between the ages of 31-50 years-old (mean age 37.8 years). Subjects were evaluated on a biweekly basis using chromameter and Janus-III Facial Analyzer. Results At the end of the study there was a significant L* value increase from 52.10 at W0 to 56.40 at W4 (p=0.00) along with improvement on pigmented areas from 45.52 to 43.90 after eight weeks of treatment (p=0.00 and 0.01 respectively). Conclusion Application of 1% cysteamine, 3% tranexamic acid, 2% galactomyces ferment filtrate and 4% niacinamide using double layering technique is a promising combination for facial brightness with notable reduced side-effects.References
Gu Y, Han J, Jiang C, Zhang Y. Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev. 2020;59:1-8.
doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101036
Leem S, Chang J, Kim Y, et al. Repeated measurements of facial skin characteristics using the Janus-Ⅲ measurement system. Skin Res Tech. 2020;26(3):362-8. doi:10.1111/srt.12811
Gillbro JM, Olsson MJ. The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin-lightening agents - Existing and new approaches. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2011;33(3):210-21.
doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x
Draelos ZD, Deliencourt-Godefroy G, Lopes L. An effective hydroquinone alternative for topical skin lightening. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(12):3258-61. doi:10.1111/jocd.13771
Anwar A, Budhiani S, Seweng A, Arimuko A, Norawati L, Veronica S. Effectiveness of application of serum and cream containing combination of tranexamic acid, galactomyces ferment filtrate, niacinamide, and alpha arbutin using layering technique in melasma. Hong Kong J Dermatol Venereol. 2020;28:5-10.
Farshi S, Mansouri P, Kasraee B. Efficacy of cysteamine cream in the treatment of epidermal melasma, evaluating by Dermacatch as a new measurement method: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2018;29(2):182-189. doi:10.1080/09546634.2017.1351608
Na JI, Choi SY, Yang SH, Choi HR, Kang HY, Park KC. Effect of tranexamic acid on melasma: A clinical trial with histological evaluation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(8):1035-9. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04464.x
Irawan Anwar A, Wahab S, Tabri F, et al. Effectiveness of 1% cysteamine, 3% tranexamic Acid, 4% niacinamide, and 2% galactomyces ferment filtrate serum in epidermal melasma. Azerbaijan Med J. 2022;62(6):2489-94.
Bissett DL, Oblong JE, Berge CA. Niacinamide: A B Vitamin that Improves Aging Facial Skin Appearance. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(7):860-4.
Bissett DL, Miyamoto K, Sun P, Li J, Berge CA. Topical niacinamide reduces yellowing, wrinkling, red blotchiness, and hyperpigmented spots in aging facial skin 1. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2004;26:231-8.
Otte N, Borelli C, Korting HC. Nicotinamide-biologic actions of an emerging cosmetic ingredient. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2005;27:255-61.
Hakozaki T, Minwalla L, Zhuang J, et al. The effect of niacinamide on reducing cutaneous pigmentation and suppression of melanosome transfer. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:20-31.
Clarys P, Alewaeters K, Lambrecht R, Barel AO. Skin color measurements: Comparison between three instruments: The Chromameter®, the DermaSpectrometer® and the Mexameter®. Skin Res Tech. 2000;6(4):230-8.
doi:10.1034/j.1600-0846.2000.006004230.x
D’Mello SA, Finlay GJ, Baguley BC, Askarian-Amiri ME, et al. Signaling pathways in melanogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(7):1144.
Leem S, Kim SJ, Kim Y, et al. Comparative analysis of skin characteristics evaluation by a dermatologist and the Janus-III measurement system. Skin Res Tech. 2021;27(1):86-92.
Karrabi M, David J, Sahebkar M. Clinical evaluation of efficacy, safety and tolerability of cysteamine 5% cream in comparison with modified Kligman’s formula in subjects with epidermal melasma: A randomized, double‐blind clinical trial study. Skin Res Tech. 2021;27(1):24-31.
Nguyen J, Remyn L, Chung IY, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of cysteamine cream compared to hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma: A randomised, double-blinded trial. Australas J Dermatol. 2021;62(1):41-46.
Zhang T, Xu H, Zhang Y, et al. Fabrication and characterization of double-layer asymmetric dressing through electrostatic spinning and 3D printing for skin wound repair. Mater Des. 2022;218:110711.
Lima PB, Dias JAF, Cassiano D, et al. A comparative study of topical 5% cysteamine versus 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of facial melasma in women. Int J Dermatol. 2020;59(12):1531-6.
Agamia N, Apalla Z, Salem W, Abdallah W. A comparative study between oral tranexamic acid versus oral tranexamic acid and Q-switched Nd-YAG laser in melasma treatment: A clinical and dermoscopic evaluation. J Dermatolog Treat. 2021;32(7):819-26.
Maeda K. Mechanism of action of topical tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma and sun-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Cosmetics. 2022;9(5):108.
Ebrahimi B, Naeini FF. Topical tranexamic acid as a promising treatment for melasma. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(8):753-7.
da Silva Souza ID, Lampe L, Winn D. New topical tranexamic acid derivative for the improvement of hyperpigmentation and inflammation in the sun-damaged skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(2):561-5.
Navarrete-Solís J, Castanedo-Cázares JP, Torres-Álvarez B, et al. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial of niacinamide 4% versus hydroquinone 4% in the treatment of melasma. Dermatol Res Pract. 2011:2011:379173.
Seemal Desai M, Eloisa Ayres M, Hana Bak M, Green B, PhDg QZM. Effect of a tranexamic acid, kojic acid, and niacinamide containing serum on facial dyschromia: a clinical evaluation. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(5):454-9.
Yan X, Tsuji G, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Furue M. Galactomyces ferment filtrate potentiates an anti-inflammaging system in keratinocytes. J Clin Med. 2022;11(21): 6338.
